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Freud: The Making of an Illusion, by Frederick Crews

Download Freud: The Making of an Illusion, by Frederick Crews

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Review

“Freud: The Making of an Illusion [is] a . . . stake driven into its subject’s cold, cold heart. . . . Crews is an attractively uncluttered stylist, and he has an amazing story to tell.”―Louis Menand, The New Yorker“A powerful and thorough takedown of Sigmund Freud.”―Vulture“Crews [is] going in for the kill. A damning portrait.”―Esquire“Diligently documented . . . neither sensationalized nor ranting . . . a scorching summation.”―The Chronicle of Higher Education“An elegant and relentless exposé . . . Impressively well-researched, powerfully written, and definitively damning. Crews wields his razor-sharp scalpel on Freud’s slavish followers, in particular, who did not want to see or who willfully redacted the sloppiness of Freud’s research methods in order to ‘idealize him.’ ”―Kirkus Reviews (Starred Review)“Crews relentlessly shreds the deceptions that Freudians even now try to maintain. . . . This thorough dismantling of one of modernity’s founding figures is sure to be met with controversy.”―Booklist (Starred Review)“A stunning indictment . . . this fascinating biographical study paints a portrait of Freud as a man who cared more about himself than his patients and more about success than science.”―Publishers Weekly“For those who worship Freud, and even those millions who have simply admired his ideas, Crews’s rigorous and captivating detective work will be a bracing challenge.”―Elizabeth Loftus, co-author of The Myth of Repressed Memory “A riveting, masterful biography . . . Delving deeply into hitherto suppressed archival material, Crews paints an unforgettable portrait of an utterly incompetent psychotherapist whose ruthless pursuit of wealth and fame led him to disregard the welfare of his patients as well as the scruples of scientific method.”―Richard J. McNally, author of What Is Mental Illness?“Frederick Crews tells the riveting story of how a troubled, insecure, but supremely ambitious doctor stumbled from one therapeutic fantasy to another before hitting on the one that made him famous. Crews is a master narrator, and he has put his finger on the key factor in Freud's career: the remarkable series of intense, morally fraught, and truly bizarre relationships (collegial, therapeutic, and sexual)―that kept Freud going as his theories proved ever resistant to confirmation.”―John Farrell, author of Freud’s Paranoid Quest“One has to admire Crews’s story: the way he tells it, and the marvelous blending of the different sources.”―Malcolm Macmillan, author of Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc“The Freudian myth--one of the thought-deforming tyrannies of the 20th century--is hereby at an end. This book is as exhilarating as the fall of the Berlin wall.”―Stewart Justman, author of The Psychological Mystique“In this painstaking study, Frederick Crews reveals just what a huge intellectual Ponzi scheme the elaborate Freudian business represented.”―Paul McHugh, author of The Mind has Mountains: Reflections on Society and Psychiatry“Making use of newly available correspondence, and new readings of previously available material, Crews reveals a pattern of misunderstanding, misrepresentation, and mendacity that characterized the Freudian enterprise right from the beginning.”―John F. Kihlstrom, editor of Functional Disorders of Memory“This riveting and masterful reassessment puts the final nail in the coffin of Sigmund Freud’s misguided career by meticulously documenting his willful descent into pseudoscience. Altogether a fascinating read!”―Frank J. Sulloway, author of Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend

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About the Author

Frederick Crews is the author of many books, including the bestselling satire The Pooh Perplex and Follies of the Wise, which was a finalist for a National Book Critics Circle award. He is also a professor emeritus of English at the University of California, Berkeley, a longtime contributor to The New York Review of Books, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Product details

Paperback: 784 pages

Publisher: Picador; Reprint edition (August 14, 2018)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1250183626

ISBN-13: 978-1250183620

Product Dimensions:

5.8 x 1.4 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.7 out of 5 stars

54 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,005,930 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

-- if, that is, you were one of those who respected the Founder and his doctrine for downwards of half a century. A synthesis of 40 years of research on Freud and psychoanalysis by Crews himself and many other scholars, this work is scholarly and well documented, yet anything but dry: it is elegantly and passionately written and a riveting, compulsive read. Essentially a psychobiography (putting to rest the idea that Crews is “anti-psychological”), it shows how psychoanalysis grew solely out of Freud’s own life and dreams and was heavily influenced by his 15-year long substantial use of cocaine to treat his own depressions and set backs, and not out of his clinical observations of patients nor his scientific studies, as he claimed. Is Crews, who has been writing about Freud for 40 years, a mere “Freud basher” with nothing new to say in this book, as many have accused him of being (without reading this book)? No. In the ten years since his last book, Crews has indeed found more telling and occasionally shocking new evidence to buttress his view of Freud. He puts to rest the idea that psychoanalysis is a science—a point that Freud himself insisted on—and offers a great many reasons to see it as a successful pseudoscience and a cult, built not only on Freud’s personality but on misrepresentation amounting to actual fraud on Freud’s part. Armed now with the first three volumes of the recently published unexpurgated edition of Freud’s many letters to his fiancée during time that he developed what he later called psychoanalysis, Crews can cite chapter and verse demonstrating that what the young Sigmund confessed to Martha privately often—shockingly-- contradicted what he claimed to have “found,” “discovered,” or “proved” in his public assertions and writings and to his followers. He shows that Freud did not discover a “dark continent” of “unconscious energies” and “repressed unconscious wishes,” but merely imposed his own, often cocaine inspired, ideas and (mostly) sexual fantasies (cocaine being a well known aphrodisiac that makes a user feel like a “sexual god”) on others. The record shows that he consistently insisted that his patients (mostly women) tell him what he “knew” they “must have” experienced or imagined, sometimes even resorting to tactics such as “head pressure,” full body massage, and other very questionable tactics to induce his patients to “remember” whatever he wanted them to, all very powerful forms of suggestion. And notoriously, what he wanted them to remember changed over time. At first he insisted it was early childhood “seductions” by parents or other relatives (the famous—and misnamed, according to Crews-- “seduction theory) that caused their problems, and later it was “repressed” infantile sexual fantasies on which they had become fixated by means of masturbation. There is no evidence for either idea. The historical facts show that Freud never cured a single documented patient, that his psychological theories of mind and sexuality are pseudo-scientific versions of his own fantasies, or of dressed up antiquated (and anti-woman) ideas such as “hysteria," mixed in with old Christian beliefs about the harmful effects of masturbation, a belief that Freud never abandoned and saw as the source of almost all psychopathology. And there is much, much more. How then did psychoanalysis come to be such a powerful influence both culturally and within psychology and psychiatry in the 20th century, especially in America? Crews details the manner in which Freud created a cult of personality based on his own grandiosity, which enabled him to dismiss any counterexamples to his theories as misbegotten. Like all cult leaders, he seduced his disciples—including his daughter Anna, whom he subjected to a four year analysis-- into believing in him and into unquestioned allegiance to his ideas, buttressed with the threat of excommunication from his “in” group (which was the fate of those who did question his ideas). His followers did not hesitate to show their allegiance to him by misrepresenting, falsifying, manipulating, and sometimes heavily censoring any disconfirming information about his ideas and his treatments, including the negative outcome of not one, but ALL of his patients in his case histories. There were of course other reasons for the appeal of psychoanalysis aside from misrepresentation: Crews suggests that it satisfied the need for a belief system left void by religion at a time when religion was waning. He also suggests that it appealed particularly to men through its confirmation of a patriarchal, derogatory view of women. Moreover, psychoanalysis had a masterful trick up its sleeve that helped its spread: it was able to dismiss all criticism as “unconscious resistance” --a completely un-provable but very effective claim. Also important is Freud’s undoubted power as a writer. Crews validates Freud as a great literary stylist, comparable in originality to James Joyce, and views his case histories, modeled on the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Canon Doyle, as gripping, compelling detective stories. It was not for nothing that Freud was awarded the illustrious Goethe prize in Germany in 1930. Crews predicts the same fate for psychoanalysis as a theory of mind and a therapy that Freud predicted for religion in his “The Future of an Illusion.” In the fields of psychiatry and main-stream psychology, this prediction has already come true, though psychoanalysis as a set of ideas about human motivation still persists in some circles, mainly departments of literature in universities. True, his book’s tone is that of a former believer who has seen the light and is dismayed about having been taken in and wants to save you from the same fate. But that gives the book its lively energy and passion, and the sheer amount of evidence he has here adduced justifies his negative attitude towards Freud and his followers-- even if you don’t agree that psychoanalysis set back the treatment of mental illness science for 70 years. Sure to be controversial, this book is a riveting read!

About 1970 I read a couple Freud’s books at someone’s recommendation. I don’t remember which ones but I remember that I had two responses: A-painfully boring and B-BS. Since then I have had a few conversations with clinical psychologists (never as a client/subject). None were Freudian but struck me as just as nonsensical. Thus I admit my personal bias but within that bias Freud was no better or worse than the rest.Now, somehow, I have stumbled up on this tome. It is the latest in a series of books this author has written expressing disdain for Freud, not just professionally as a person. The authors arguments appear to be well documented but the conclusion may be one sided and unfair to Freud. I just don’t have the background to judge Crews vs other Freud biographers. Nonetheless if Crews is only half correct, Freud was talentless, (child) sex obsessed little creep whose only ability was self promotion.Whether due to irony, comeuppance, hypocrisy, or wry sense of humor the author devotes much of the penultimate chapter to a sort of psychoanalysis of Freud himself. Some of it may be on point but much seems to be a well grounded as freud's own BS. Overall a peculiar chapter

I had read a little about Freud's shortcomings but this was an amazing revelation about the depths of his fraud.

Meticulously researched and very well written. Crews exposes the Freud scam. Freud was not an original thinker but took ideas from others and claimed them as his own. He was a very poor therapist, failed hypnotist, incompetent medical doctor, despised his patients, and eschewed scientific rigor. It seems his "best" ideas originated under the influence of cocaine.Freud was a nasty man who crushed those disciples who disagreed with him and used his own experiences to form his theories all the while pretending he was basing his theories upon case studies. He admitted psychoanalysis cured no one but the money was good as he sought "goldfish" to treat and thereby became rich from his scam.

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